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List of rulers of Kongo
This is a list of the rulers of the Kingdom of Kongo known commonly as the Manikongos (KiKongo: Mwenekongo). Mwene (plural: Awene) in Kikongo meant a person holding authority, particularly judicial authority, derived from the root -wene which meant, by the sixteenth century at least, territory over which jurisdiction was held. The ruler of Kongo was the most powerful mwene in the region who the Portuguese regarded as the king (in Kikongo ''ntinu'' king upon their arrival in 1483.
==Kandas, Gerações and Houses==
The kingdom of Kongo had a formal state apparatus, in which most positions (''rendas'' in Portuguese-language documents, meaning income bearing positions) were in the hands of the king, and the king himself was elected by powerful officials. Kings sought and held office with the assistance of a kanda. Each kanda (plural: ''makanda'') was a faction which organized people according to a common goal, often but not always rooted in a kin-based relationship.〔John Thornton, "Elite Women in the Kingdom of Kongo: Historical Perspectives on Women's Political Power", ''Journal of African History'' 47 (2006): 439.〕 Kandas generally took the name of a person (i.e. Nimi, Nlaza or Mpanzu), but could also take the name of a location or title such as Mbala (court)〔Thornton, John: "Elite Women" p. 445.〕) or birthplace (Kwilu or Nsundi〔Thornton "Elite Women," p. 449.〕). The Kikongo prefix "ki" is added onto these names to mean "people with something in common".〔Thornton, "Elite Women", p. 445.〕 These factions were recorded as ''gerações'' or ''casas'' (lineages or houses) in Kongo documents written in Portuguese. Until the mid-seventeenth century, following the Battle of Mbwila, these factions were short lived and fluctuating, but following the battle, factions were much firmer and lasted for generations, particularly the Kimpanzu and Kinlaza.〔Thornton "Elite Women ", p. 449.〕 The Quilombo dos Palmares a Maroom Kingdom formed in Northeast Brazil. Was founded by Princes and Nobles who were enslaved and transported to Portuguese Brazil after the Battle. There they retained their titles and their lineage survived even after the kingdom itself was destroyed.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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